Bibliography

The Rationale of Reasoning

A Proposition is nearly the same as an “Assertion.” The distinction which I use the two words to mark is that an Assertion includes no more than it is the intention of the Utterer to declare, while the Proposition includes all that he does declare, which is inevitably considerably more than he intends.

…I call any acquisition of knowledge “information,” which has logically required any other experience than experience of the meanings of words.

A Proposition is any product of language which has the form that adapts it to instilling belief into the mind of the person addressed, supposing him to have confidence in its utterer. [—] A Proposition is nearly the same as an “Assertion.” The distinction which I use the two words to mark is that an Assertion includes no more than it is the intention of the Utterer to declare, while the Proposition includes all that he does declare, which is inevitably considerably more than he intends.

By “Uttering” I mean putting forth, whether audibly or visibly or otherwise[,] any sort of sign. For instance, I should say that the master of a ship who should cause signal flags to be hoisted “Uttered” that combination of flags.