Bibliography

Foundations of Mathematics [R]

A sign is also intended to determine, in a mind or elsewhere, a sign of the same object; and this interpretant of the sign may be the very sign itself; but as a general rule it will be different. It is a perfection in a sign separately to signify its intended interpretant. If it does this, it becomes and argumention or argument. (Some pedants insist on the former word; but the very best usage supports the latter.)

If a sign is apt to represent many things, the option as to what single thing it shall be taken to represent may be reserved by the utterer of it, to whom it naturally belongs; in which case it may be said to be used vaguely, or not definitely. The utterer may, however, transfer this option to the interpreter; in which case the sign may be said to be used generally, or not individually.

A sign is also intended to determine, in a mind or elsewhere, a sign of the same object; and this interpretant of the sign may be the very sign itself; but as a general rule it will be different.

A sign is intended to correspond to a real thing, or fact, or to something relatively real; and this object of the sign may be the very sign itself, as when a map is precisely superposed upon that which it maps. It is a perfection of the sign if it separately represents its object; in which case it becomes a proposition and is true or false.

It is a perfection of a sign if it separately represents its object; in which case it becomes a proposition, and is true or false.

A sign is not a real thing. The same sign may occur, or as we may say, can be uttered, over and over again. We may call these things embodying the same sign replicas of it. They need not be alike as things.

…a sign cannot be at once vague and general in the same respect. It may, however, be both definite and individual; and in that case may be said to be used singularly. ‘Man’ is used vaguely in ‘Some man sins’; generally, in ‘Every man sins’; singularly, in ‘This man sins.’

If a sign is apt to represent many things, the option as to what single thing it shall be taken to represent may be reserved by the utterer of it, to whom it naturally belongs; in which case it may be said to be used vaguely, or not definitely.